Mortar and muller for grinding, crushing, and mixing ores, chemicals, &amp;c.



No. 745.416. PATENTED DEG. 1, 1903. T. BREAKELL. MORTAR AND MULLER FOEGEHIDING, GBUSHING, AND MIXING 0311s, GHEMIGALS, 8w.

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No. 745,416. PATENTED DEOQI, 1903. T. BREAKELL.

MORTAR AND MULLER FOR GRINDING, GRUSHING, AND MIXING ORES, CHEMICALS,6w.

APPLIGATION FILEDSEPT. 18, 1902.

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MORTAR AND MULLER FOB, GRINDING, CRUSHING, ANDMIXING ORBS, CHEMICALS,6w.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18, 1902.

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Patented December 1, 1903.

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THOMAS BREAKELL, OF WIRKSWORTH, ENGLAND.

MORTAR AND MULLER FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, AND MIXING ORES, CHEMICALS,81c.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 745,416, dated December1 1903.

Application filed September 18, 1902. Serial No. 123,929. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern} Be it known that I, THOMAS BREAKELL, asubject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and a resident ofBrassington Hall, 'Nirksworth, in the countyof Derby, England, haveinvented a certain new and useful Mortar and Muller for Grinding,Crushing, and Mixing Ores, Chemicals, and other Substances, (for which Ihave made application for Letters Patent in Great Britain, No. 4,479,bearing date February 22, 1902,) of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to that class of mixing, grinding, or levigatingmachinery or apparatus in which a pestle, mullet, or the like isemployed and to which motion is imparted, having an effect somewhatsimilar to that attained by a pestle when grinding, mixing, orlevigating substances by hand.

The object of the invention is to provide a machine by which mixing,grinding, or levigating may be effected not only much more rapidly thanattained by hand, but in a more efficient manner.

The invention consists, essentially, in eccentrically disposing a pestleor muller within a mortar, the diameter of the grindingsurface of themuller being at least half the diameter of the grinding-surface of themor tar, and then positively rotating either one or both of them.

The invention also consists in so mounting the shaft of the pestle ormuller within its bearing that it is free to move or to be positivelymoved vertically in order to allow or attain a pounding action when suchis desired.

The invention further consists in hinging or pivoting the bearing of thepestle-shaft in order that the pestle may be moved upwardly outof themortarto facilitate cleaning of the apparatus or removal of thesubstance treated.

The invent-ion still further consists in the combination of details ofconstruction here inafter described, rendering the machine effective inaction.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are respectivelysectional elevation and plan of a muller or pestle and mortarconstructed and arranged according to one form of my invention. Fig. 3is adiaa pin 10.

front elevation 'of a complete mill or appara-' tus constructedaccording to one form of the invention, iuwhich the pan alone ispositively rotated, the mullet being only rotated by friction therewith.Fig. 5 is a similar view, but illustrating the muller moved into itsinoperative position for cleaning. Fig. 6 is a front elevation of acomplete mill constructed according to another form of the invention inwhich the muller is positively rotated, while the pan is rotated byfriction therewith. Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10 are sectional elevationsillustrating various modified forms of mnllers'and mortars.

In carrying out the invention according to one form, as illustrated inFigs. 1 to 4, a mnller or pestle 2 is eccentrically disposed within apan or mortar l, the mnller and pan being of the form hereinafter fullydescribed. The stem or shaft 3 of the muller is freely mounted, so as toslide and rotate within a bearing 4, which is hinged or pivoted at 5 toa bracket 6, bolted or otherwise secured to a base-plate 14, a pin 22being provided to rigidly secure the bearing during operation. The stem3 is formed with a collar or otherwise adapted to receive and sustainweights 7, by which the pressure oi. the muller upon the mortar maybeadjusted as required, according to the nature of the material to betreated.

The pan or mortar is mounted upon a disk 8, being retained thereon byprojections 9 and prevented from rotating relatively thereto by The disk8 isformed with a stem 20, suitably mounted within a bearing 21 upon thebase plate 14 and positively rotated by any'suitable meanssuch asbevel-gearing off a secondary shaft 16, provided with fast and loosepulleys 17. A scraper 18, carried by an arm or support 11, is providedto guide the material from the outer sides of the pan 1 toward and intothe path of the muller 2, which is cleaned on its periphery by a scraper12, carried off the bearing 4 by a lug 1'3. In operation the pan 1 isrotated by a belt on the fast pulley 17, the motion being transmittedthrough the shaft 16 and bevel-gearing. The muller is rotated byfriction and is also free to rise vertically when encounteringcomparatively large lumps of material, which, however, are rapidlyground or levigated into a powder.

After the material in the pan 1 has been ground to the desired finenessthe bearing 4 is swung upwardly about the pivot 5 and the pan 1 removed,the muller being then in a convenient position to be cleaned.

In the modified form of apparatus shown in Fig. 6 the muller ispositively rotated by a handle 19, the mortar or pan being simplyrotated by friction with the muller.

The form of muller and mortar may be varied considerably, according tothe quality of the materal treated, it being essential, however, thatthe diameter of the grinding-surface of the muller should be half ormore than half the diameter of the grinding-surface of the mortar orpan. In the example shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the muller is of cylindricalform, having a flat lower surface, the lower edge, however, beingrounded ofi. The pan is formed with a flat bottom surface, bounded by acurved rim or side 15, corresponding approximately to the curved edge ofthe muller. Above the curved portion of the pan the latter is extendedto any suitable form,

but is preferably made of an inverted conical form, as shown in Figs. 1to 7, the inclination being varied as desired, according to the natureof the material to be treated, or a curved extension, Fig. 8, or partlyflat and conical extension, Fig. 9, may be employed. Both the muller andthe mortar may be provided with removable grinding-surfaces 1 2, asshown in Fig. 10.

Whichever form of mortar and muller is adopted the muller is so disposedrelatively to the mortar that its curved edge is adjacent to thecorrespondingly-curved side of the bottom of the mortar, as shown in thevarious Figs. 1 and 7 to 10. It is, however, not

forced laterally against the curved portion of the mortar, but is simplypressed down onto the bottom of the pan.

The diameter of the muller may be anything greater than the radius, butless than the diameter of the grinding-surface of the pan so long asthere is sufficient space left, as at 15 Fig. 1, to allow the materialtreated to fall between the muller and the pan.

By the special arrangement of muller and mortar above described thematerial in the pan is constantly subjected to a rubbing action at onespeed and in one direction on its upper surface and at a different speedina dilferent direction on its lower surface, and at the same time issubjected to the pressure of the weighted muller. This action will befully understood by reference to the diagram in Fig. 3, wherein the fullcircles represent circles upon the pan or mortar, while the dottedrepresent the corresponding circles of contact on the muller. As themuller and pan are of unequal diameters the corresponding pairs ofdotted and full circles will also be unequal, but, on the other hand,each pair of circles will travel at the same linear velocity. Thereforeany particle of material between the muller and the pan will besubjected to one velocity on top in one direction due to the muller andto another velocity in a different direction due to the pan, and as itworks its way outward these velocities rapidly increase. For instance, aparticle at the point B is subjected on top to a velocity which may berepresented by the radius AB in the direction of the arrow 0, while itis subjected on its lower side to a velocity represented by the radiusXB and in the direc tion of the arrow D. It will therefore be understoodthat the material under the abovedescribed action will be rapidly andeffectively ground or levigated.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A grinding or levigating machine comprising a rotary pan or mortarhaving a flat bottom surface surrounded by an upwardlyprojecting curvedrim and a conical extension or outer rim, arotary muller eccentricallymounted in said pan and provided with a flat bottom surface and curvedlower edge adapted to correspond with the aforesaid curved rim in thepan and means for positively rotating the pan substantially ashereinbefore set forth.

2. A grinding or levigating machine comprising a rotary pan or mortarwith means for operating it, a vertical shaft disposed above the mortarto one side of the center thereof, a pivoted bearing for said shaft, abracket supporting said bearing and a muller mountedon the lower end ofsaid shaft and of a diameter not less than half the diameter of the pan,substantially as described.

3. A grinding or levigating machine com prising a rotary pan or mortar,a rotary pestle or muller eccentrically mounted therein and providedwith a vertically-disposed stem or shaft, a pivoted bearing for the saidstem, a bracket for supporting such pivoted bearing, means for lockingthe pivoted bearing either in a lower operative position or in anelevated inoperative position and means for positively rotating themortar or pan, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twowitnesses.

THOS. BREAKELL.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM FAULKNER, ELDON ALFRED KING.

